Except for the cell center, all the organoids listed above are present in the cells of all plants, animals, and fungi. But there are organoids in plant cells that do not exist in animal cells.

VACUOLE
The vacuole in plant cells is the storage of cell sap. Vacuole for a cell is the same as a pantry for a thrifty host. Only this pantry is enormous, sometimes occupying 90% of the plant cell volume. What do cells store in their “pantry”? Usually they are salts, vitamins and sugars, sometimes soluble proteins. The cell can also store metabolic products poisonous to it, such as nicotine and caffeine, in the vacuole. There are no large vacuoles in animal cells.

PLASTIDES
Plastids have the same history as mitochondria: from occasional “inhabitants” they turned into an integral part of the cell. The internal structure of mitochondria and plastids are similar. But if mitochondria, according to scientists, are descended from bacteria, then plastids – from blue-green algae. Plastids are found only in plant cells.

When we see an autumn forest green leaves turn yellow and red, or a potato tuber lying in the light turns green, we observe the transformation of some plastids into others.
The green plastids are called chloroplasts (45Kb). Photosynthesis takes place in them. They are like little solar cells. Plant cells can have from one to several hundred chloroplasts.

Chloroplasts can move around inside the cell on their own. For example, they hide behind the “curtains” of cell membranes from too bright light. A plate-shaped chloroplast of the green alga mucocia behaves in a curious way. In weak light it exposes its broad part to it, and from bright light it “hides” by turning sideways.
Colorless plastids storing nutrients (oils, starch) are leukoplasts. Starch-filled leucoplasts of potato tuber turn into chloroplasts under the influence of light, which makes the tuber green.

When a tree prepares to leaf out, its chloroplasts turn into brightly colored chromoplasts. The same happens during fruit ripening, when the green fruit turns into ripe fruit. Chromoplasts also color flower petals.